1.四级作文的形式

开放式写作

图画式写作

名言哲理

应用文（书写；通知）

提纲试写作

2.写作的三要素

我认为
1. 观点词汇： I hold / maintain / deem / allege / assert/ argue / find that
2. 插入结构 : 主语+ I deem+ 谓语
3. 短语：for my part ; from my perspective ；there is one more point I have to touch
大家都认为
1. it is +冠词+adi +n +to do / 主从
adi : widely- accepted;universally - shared ;widely - acknowledged
n : view,truth,belief,fact
造句：
It is a widely - accepted truth that citizens,especially the youngsters,are supposed to have a sense of account ability/liability/obligation/duty.
lt is a universally-shared belief that 主题词 (弘扬正能量) is a valuable contributor necessary for us to intellectual purist ,life journey and career prospect

群体（提建议--大主体）
1. 政府 :government ; authority ; Administration
2. 媒体: the mass media ; newspaper ;
3. 社会: society
4. 相关机构: the relevant(concerning) agency /organization /institution
个体
1. 年轻人
  1. the + adj = the young (the blind[盲人、盲目的人])
  2. the under - aged
  3. the adolescent / juvenile
  4. the fledging adult (羽翼未丰的成年人—>年轻人)
2. 老年人
  1. the old /the elderly
  2. the aging population
  3. senior citizen
  4. the infirm and elder population
3. 成功人士
  1. social elites
  2. high achievers
  3. expert performers
4. adj + 人（连字符）
  1. strong 一 willed
  2. grey - haired
  3. poor - looking
  4. be - deeply-loved
  5. confused
干什么的人（后置定语）
1. those + doing sth / who 定于从句造句:
  1. those owning critical mind
  2. those owning optimistic mindset
  3. those persistently adhering to strict plan in our daily life may gain ultimate success (maximum succcess)
  4. those avoiding the accountability of supporting and caring their infirm parents hold the view that it may enhance their economic burden (life burden;academic burden)({经济困难，生活困难，学习困难})

adj 好
1. decent(job);keep fit;a promising future ;an ever-bright prospect
2. a positive mind(积极的心态) ; outstanding ; splendid(灿烂) ; marvelous(奇妙) ; superb; magnificent(宏伟) ;superb( 高超);
擅长
1. excel in doing sth
2. be adecpt in
3. skill in
be + adj + to
1. be beneficial to : 对...有益
造句：
All these well - enforced(执行) / effctive(高效) / comprehensive(全面) measures(措施) are beneficial(有益),not detrimental(有害),to the sustainable(可持续的) developlent of environment

adj
1. awful ; pity ;terrible ;shame(羞耻) ; toxic (有毒); poisonous(有毒);nasty(讨厌,恶心)，ruinous = damaging = devastating = disastrous
短语(万能短语)
1. exert an effect on sth
2. exect + adj +effect on sth = pose a threat to sth 对...造成威胁
  1.举例： the excessive deforestation may exert a ruinous effect on dramatic climate change and the sustainable exploration of natual resources 过度砍伐森林可能会对剧烈的气候变化和自然资源的可持续勘探产生毁灭性影响

短语
1. be supposed to
2. be bound to do
3. be obliged to do
4. might as well do sth
形式主语
1. it is no denying that
2. it is imperative / indispensable / pivotal for sb to do sth / that 主从
3. it is no exaggeration to say that
造句：
It is imperative that the Administration should adopt and strength / enhance laws and regulations to defend the benefits of the aging population.
当务之急是，政府应通过和加强/加强法律和法规，以捍卫人口老龄化的好处。